Creating a consistent, accurate, and powerful throwing motion in a quarterback is not an easy task. In fact, it's one of the most difficult things to do in sports. With an unlimited number of moving pieces and  different approaches, it is as dynamic and elusive a skill set as we can find. That said, we turn on the TV every day to see guys play the position  who have seemingly mastered their mechanics, from the NFL on Sundays, to College on Saturdays, even to big combines and showcases of the best high school players. So the question is then, how do these players create a consistent, accurate, and powerful throwing motion?

​One might say that they practice in highly structured settings,  working tirelessly to achieve specific positions in their motions and nailing down all the little details. Others might argue that naturally gifted players take in a large number of free flowing repetitions, working on their motion more like an art than a science, gradually crafting their fluid motion into something they can use in real time, game settings. Let's examine examples of each.

When it comes to structure, few schools of development are more structured than the "Suzuki" method of teaching violin. Students are taught using meticulous cues, and are even prevented from playing an actual note before their bow movements are perfected, practicing instead on  tissue boxes and shoeboxes. I can remember my own sister, who was taught violin by a Suzuki instructor,  sliding her bow up and down a tissue box, with a slot cut in it for the bow and covered in tape to keep it together. The same approach of disciplined attention to detail is maintained throughout the learning process, and the results have been phenomenal, creating some of the world's greatest players. If Suzuki is to be trusted, then one would say that disciplined structure creates the best skill sets.

On the other hand, Brazilian soccer presents a different, more free flowing model. Their young players all partake in Futsal, a small area, condensed version of soccer, with perhaps five to six players per side. A much faster paced game, with an increased number of ball touches per player, Futsal has been identified as one of the processes through which Brazil has been a dominant world power in soccer for decades. Their players are masters of fluidity, footwork, and movement, knifing through opponents like water cuts through a creek, filling voids and constantly pressuring defenses into mistakes. If we take Futsal  as our lead, then we'd say that free flowing, fluid reps with less structure and more creativity is the best way to create a usable skill set.

Ultimately, both Suzuki and Futsal have created the world's best in their respective fields, with vastly different approaches. So which one applies to quarterback play? To answer with one or the other would be incorrect. Ultimately, both Suzuki and Futsal do the same thing: they facilitate purposeful practice repetitions. Any skill set is simply a product of meaningful practice, whatever medium that may come through. A coach's job is to create an environment where the quarterback can take highly focused, intentional practice repetitions developing the skill (correctly). The thing to remember is that practice does not make perfect, practice makes permanent.  We must facilitate reps that focus on the quarterback doing something consistently correctly, give them appropriate and immediate feedback, and stay focused on improving the process, whether we are in structured or free-flowing settings.

The term "quarterback coach" is a vague, non-standardized term.  Anyone can call themselves a quarterback coach, regardless of how much they know or don't know about the position and the body.  One thing that frustrates me is when someone advertises themselves as a quarterback coach and really only facilitates reps, which isn't really coaching. It happens all the time - a kid goes to a clinic, is put through a series of cone drills and throws a bunch of routes, and leaves. He's told that 's how he improves, how he gets better. All that's really happening, though, is reps. This isn't good coaching.

Good, quality repetitions are extremely important  for any skill to be perfected. In order for reps to be quality reps, though, a player must be actively working on something,  and that something must be the right thing. We'll call this purposeful practice. Let's take a kid who has an error when he throws off a five step drop. He goes to a clinic, the coach says that they are going to work on five step drops. The kid, knowing he struggles in that phase of his game, is pleased to know he's going to get reps at something he struggles with. The coach sets up the receivers and quarterbacks, gives them various routes to throw off the five step drop, and notes when the ball was too high, too low, when the routes weren't perfect, etc. An hour later, the clinic is over, and the quarterback has gotten plenty of reps on throwing off of a five step drop. Is he better?

Chances are, probably not. All that happened was that the quarterback practiced doing it wrong. Most coaches don't actually break down and fix the skill, they don't take the time (or have the knowledge) to break down the drop into its component pieces, refine the small things that add up to performance, and fix them. So many coaches just throw reps at players instead of actually coaching them. If the kid had too big of a back step, making it hard to transition into the throw, he still has that issue, all he did was do it wrong. This wasn't purposeful practice, it was just practice. And, practice doesn't make perfect, practice make permanent. Perfect practice makes perfect.

Real coaching occurs when instead of just practicing a skill, we identify specific parts of the skill,  consciously work on them to create motor program understanding, then look to apply those changes in various settings. At that point, we can create positive, quality repetitions that serve a specific purpose, we can engage in purposeful practice. And, changes are specific to each quarterback. Some need to work on how the feet transition from dropping to create forward movement; others need to fix how their hips initiate the throwing motion; others have issues with arm positions. No two quarterbacks are exactly the same, so there has to be some level of individualization when it comes to creating change and perfecting fundamentals.

This is what all quarterback coaches should be doing. In my experience, most don't. They throw reps at as many kids as possible, and rely on pre-existing talent and flash instead of substance. Sometimes, working on those small changes can be hard, mundane, and require tedious hours. Most quarterback coaches aren't willing to go through that, either because they don't know how to do it or because they are scared they are going to lose the client's interest. The truly good quarterback coaches will force their quarterbacks to go through those tedious hours because they know it's in the best interest of the quarterback's future.

Don't settle for reps, find someone that facilitates purposeful practice.

One of the greatest ironies in the modern age of high school's throwing the ball 50 times a game is that quarterbacks are less prepared for the college game than ever before.  In speaking with a college coach yesterday, he mentioned to me that many of his quarterbacks take at least 2-3 years before they are even fundamentally ready to play. Unfortunately, most are pressed into action before that.

Part of the reason for the lack of preparedness are off-season 7 on 7s. While these can be a great tool for quarterbacks to learn progressions, develop timing, work on fundamentals, etc, if they aren't used properly they tend to lead to lazy quarterback play and bad habits.  If you go to these 7 on 7s with the intention of getting better, looking at the process, and working on progressions and timing, you'll most likely get better. However, a lot of these teams play at 7 on 7s with the mindset of winning over progressing, and since there's no pass rush the QBs tend to just stand in the pocket and wait for long developing routes and force the defense to cover for a full 4 seconds (or whatever the sack count is, if there is one). When a team let's their passing game go that direction, we lose the art of timing and throwing in rhythm.

Throwing in rhythm, meaning throwing to our first read right when we hit the back step of our drop,  is a crucial skill for a quarterback to have and an important part of the drop back passing game. When we throw in rhythm, we normally throw before the receiver makes his break, making it difficult to defend when done right, and we put less pressure on the offensive line to protect for extended periods. Knowing and setting up the in rhythm read also sets up all the progressions that come after it. However, most commonly, quarterbacks drop back, and either bounce or pat their feet as if standing on hot coals, and try to scan the field. This is the in vogue, but lazy, way of running a drop back passing game, looking at windows in a particular order, but with no sense of timing. And, when we allow ourselves to fall back into this, we really on having better athletes than everyone else, especially up front where the line would need to protect for a much longer time.

So, right now, at the beginning of your off-season, begin working on throwing the ball in rhythm, and make a conscious effort as you work on your footwork to make sure each step counts; we shouldn't be bouncing or running our feet because it looks "legit," we should be matching our footwork to our reads, starting with your in rhythm routes. Don't fall into bad habits at 7 on 7s.

​Coach Drayson

Nearly every week, I have kids coming in asking about a piece of advice they received from another coach, adult, friend, or even YouTube video. They want to know if it's good advice or good coaching. In some cases they have received good advice. In others, not so much. This got me thinking, what are the qualifications that someone must have to give advice? Not just with quarterbacks, but in any field?

This is fairly difficult to quantify as we don't have strict regulations like say, the medical field. There isn't any one certification that deems a person fit to coach. We'll have to take a more qualitative approach, and look at the  questions you should ask yourself before taking advice from someone.

1 - Can they perform the skill themselves?
Would you ever take a golf lesson from someone who could barely swing a golf club? How about a tennis lesson from an instructor who couldn't hit a forehand? It seems fitting the first question is whether or not they can perform the skill themselves. This should also include people who at least used to be able to do the skill but can't anymore due to age or injury or lack of current practice. Additionally, being able to perform the skill isn't enough of a qualification by itself either - I've seen plenty of people who could do certain skills well but were terrible at teaching others to do the same.

2 - Do they have a background in teaching the skill?
One of the toughest things for me to watch is a former player at a position besides quarterback, who happens to be able to throw, try to coach a quarterback. As noted in question 1, being able to perform the skill is just a starting point, but it's not the only pre-requisite. Just because that receiver who graduated a few years ago can throw a football doesn't mean he can coach a quarterback. And, this goes for all skills, not just quarterback play. Just because your buddy in the gym can do a hanging power clean and look fairly good doing it doesn't mean he should be teaching you. That's actually how a lot of high school weight room injuries happen.

3 - Is the instructor responsible and invested?
Coaching is a responsibility - when we begin instructing an athlete on how to play, or throw, or lift, we take their health and future into our own hands. Many coaches take that responsibility very seriously, thinking hard about their lesson plans to try to determine the best course of action for the athlete. Other coaches just throw out pieces of advice or use their pupils as Guinea pigs, with little concern to consequences. If your buddy down the street tells you to throw a football with a bad grip and low arm slot, what are the consequences for him if it leads to injury or poor performance for you? In all likelihood, he faces no consequences. However, a true professional, a responsible and invested coach, will rise and fall with you, and stick around to see how you perform, and think much more thoroughly about the coaching he or she is giving you.

4 - Is there a system or comprehensive approach to the skill?
Anyone can offer a "tip," but real coaches have more than that. Each and every player is different,  and where they are along their developmental curve differs just the same. Good coaches have a complete approach that encompasses the entire skill. For quarterbacks, it could start with a stance that matches the drop footwork which matches the throwing mechanics which matches the reads and progressions which matches the type of offense the team runs.  It's a complete system of playing the position. A good coach will have all of the pieces in mind when giving advice and developing a player. In cases of poor coaching, the coach will just give random pieces of advice that don't really align with a complete system, just "tips," not true coaching. Tips can often do more harm than good. There's more than one way to skin a cat, but if you try them all at once all you get is a bloody mess. Your coach needs to have one method in mind.


These are just a few thoughts as you receive advice. Many people are well intentioned but not necessarily  qualified coaches. These starting questions go for more than just quarterbacks as well  - it goes for strength training, for other positions, for academic counsel, for college decisions, and really anything. Surrounding yourself with the right people can go a long way for making your life as successful as possible.

Alex Drayson

One of my favorite authors is Jim Collins, and among his best books is Good to Great, a piece written with the idea of being more than just good, and separating mediocre performance from those who climb to the top of their market or field.  It's a very well written book, and worth a read if you have some free time and an interest.

Collins tends to break down business ideas into metaphors, one of which is his "flywheel." The flywheel is meant to represent how a company breaks through into a success. Imagine an enormous steel wheel, set on a pair of parallel bars on which it rolls along, sort of like a railway.  Now imagine there is one guy, pushing this huge flywheel, which weighs thousands of pounds. His first few pushes don't even budge the wheel; the next few make it quiver. One of his buddies comes over and begins pushing too, and the wheel begins to teeter a bit. After some more effort, it begins to roll slowly down the rail. As time goes on, the group of folks pushing the flywheel grows, all pushing tirelessly, until it rolls at a good pace. As it gets faster, more people notice and begin to help until the wheel is humming down the rail. Someone, miles down the rail, sees it coming his way and exclaims how impressive it is, and comments that the people pushing it  have had a massive breakthrough.

Here's the point - it wasn't a massive breakthrough. The speed of the huge wheel  was the outcome of push after push after push, tireless consistent effort. Lots of the time,  people on the outside see  a split second of success, that in reality was the product of tons of hard work. This is the way it is in football as well - take Odell Beckham for instance. Prior to his well publicized and hugely impressive one handed catch on Monday Night Football, prior to his top draft status at the NFL draft that year, he was hardly a household name. Sure, those who follow college football with some regularity knew who he was, but he was nowhere close  to the billboard icon he is now, as he lights up New York City and graces the cover of countless magazines and commercials. No, prior to that April, he was only known within knowledgeable football circles. What really happened was no breakthrough, no meteoric rise; what really happened is that from a young age, Odell Beckham was active, worked hard, played lots of sports, worked on his craft, and put in hours upon hours towards being a great football player. What the public exclaimed was "what a breakthrough!" What really happened was years of effort that only got noticed once it reached that stage.

The hardest part of that journey to greatness is continuing to push the flywheel when no one is watching, no one is exclaiming how amazing it is, how fast it's moving. But, it's those that keep pushing that eventually achieve greatness.  Make sure everyday, you push the flywheel. Make sure you tell your teammates to do it. Make sure you find consistency in purpose, an inner drive to keep pushing even if no one else is looking. If you keep pushing long enough, they'll all be looking.

There are a lot of successful quarterbacks out there, but that doesn't mean they all have sound mechanics. One of the first things I do when I get a quarterback who has had success is figure out if he's successful due to his good mechanics, or successful in spite of bad mechanics.

There are obvious examples in the NFL. Johnny Manziel has been a hot name the last few years, but many projected his success wouldn't translate to the NFL, in part because of his mentality, but also in part because his fundamentals simply didn't show a quarterback who could be consistently accurate or efficient. He had  a great deal of success at Texas A&M, but that was in spite of poor footwork, bad reads, and scattered throwing mechanics.

On the other hand, you find quarterbacks like Andrew Luck, who has impeccable mechanics. He throws from a solid base whenever he can, he matches his footwork to his reads, is able to throw in rhythm and deeper into progressions, and has solid throwing mechanics. Yes, it is important to be able to be effective when the play breaks down, which is one of Manziel's strengths, and Luck also does that well.

On the high school level, some quarterbacks are still so much more athletic and gifted than their teammates and opponents that they are still able to be effective, despite poor fundamentals. They end up on the Johnny Manziel route to success. If that is coupled with a poor attitude, ego, or arrogance, they can be some of the hardest players to coach. It's difficult to tell a kid who throws 20 touchdowns and only a few interceptions on a winning team that he's doing things wrong, or that his footwork needs to be corrected, or that his throwing motion needs to be tweaked. The player who won't listen to coaching is setting himself up for a fall - he's doing well playing against lesser competition and getting away with fixable mistakes, and is choosing to ignore advice. When the competition catches up with him at higher levels, he won't be able to take the coaching to improve and won't be gifted enough to succeed on talent alone. That's a dangerous combination.

Fortunately, I have found this player to be in the minority. Most every quarterback I have worked with has been willing to take coaching, regardless of previous success (or lack thereof). A strong combination of humility and hunger for improvement make for the most coachable players, and therefore they make the biggest strides.

The example I use with the kids about success as relates to mechanics comes from basketball. If a player shoots  granny-style, from between his legs, and he can make 6/10 shots that way, does that mean he is doing it right? And, if when he tries to shoot with proper form he makes only 4/10, does that mean he should revert back to his old shot?

Obviously the answer I'm looking for is no, he should continue to work on doing things the right way, because at some point poor technique is going to catch up with him. Shooting granny style is limited his potential, and taking a step back and learning the correct way will lead to him taking multiple steps forwards in due time. We call this process over product. When we focus on the process, on doing things the right way, we make more improvement in the long run than focusing on the product, or in this case how many shots go in. And, in nearly every case, when you work on the process, the product will take care of itself.

So the end point of this post is try not to tie your ability only to results. Look at mechanics and fundamentals objectively, and seek out ways to improve and do things better. It might be harder at first, but in the long run your hard work on the process will pay off.

Congratulations to Tom Smith, who will be heading to St. Anselm's this fall to play quarterback. He first joined us four years ago, and since then has been  a consistent worker and dedicated himself to the craft. We're looking forward to seeing him dominate at St. Anselm's!

With the season now over for most quarterbacks, with the exception of those at the highest levels, let’s talk about what an off-season program for quarterbacks should look like. There are so many items that need to be covered during an off-season: strength and conditioning, throwing mechanics, film review, developing chemistry with new teammates and coaches, shoulder health, footwork, playbook install, and more. It’s easy to lose parts of what we need in the off-season if we don’t lay out a clear plan.

What we’ll do is break up the off-season into three phases: December-February as Phase I (Winter), March-May as Phase II (Spring), and June-August as Phase III (Summer). Each phase has a strength and conditioning component to it, a skill development component to it, and other items that need to be taken care of at that time.

PHASE I

In Phase I, we get to work on base foundation items that often get lost during the season, like basic mechanics, developmental movement exercises, and base strength work. In the weight room, we should be focused on addressing any injuries lingering from the season, working on improving overall movement ability, and creating a good strength base for future phases. This is also the right time to try to put on muscle mass and do hypertrophy work. Doing conditioning and sprint work, while good for you, isn’t a priority here as we are so far from the season. Think of it like a race car – when you are a long way away from the race, should you be focused on driving as fast as you can, or fixing the engine? This is the time to replace the engine, which means high volume strength work and developmental movement.

​From a skill standpoint, this is the right time to work on mechanics and fundamentals. Often, when we change something in our skill set, we take a step back before we take steps forward. In August and September, we really can’t afford those steps back, but in the winter we can. Make those changes to your grip, footwork, throwing motion, etc., and get a lot of quality, highly focused reps so that they are second nature by the time you need to hit the field.
Aside from the weight room and mechanics, this phase should be spent mostly reviewing last year’s film and seeing what could be done better, learning from past mistakes. Learning about next year’s offense and developing route chemistry might be tough as most likely the coaches are still figuring out what next year’s offense is going to look like, and you should be adjusting mechanics anyways.
The short: review last year’s film, make adjustments to mechanics and fundamentals, and work on foundational strength and developmental movement in the weight room.
PHASE II
In the spring, it’s time to start applying some of that remedial winter work to more obvious football activities. This is where we begin spending a bit more time on the field, attaching some of mechanic changes to drops and controlled, full speed situations, and begin power and explosive work in the weight room.
The simple formula for speed in sport performance terms is that the more force you can put into the ground, the faster you can move. The more powerful you are, the more force you can put into the ground. The stronger you are, the more power you can develop. So while the winter was focused on strength development, the spring is time to start turning that strength into power (and you guessed, the summer turns power into speed). So, in the weight room, the focus will turn more towards power exercises, looking to move weight quickly over a distance. This is also a good time to start working in some conditioning – no need to go crazy, but get at least 2 days a week of sprint conditioning.
In the skill area, we now want to take the mechanics we worked on in the winter and work on them in more game-like settings. For instance, if you spent the winter working inside on changing your release point and hip drive in a controlled setting, this would be the time to get on the field and see if you can apply that to a 5-step drop and hitting a dig route. This will take time – taking mechanics from the studio to the field is difficult, but necessary. This is why quality reps in the winter are so important, as the more realistic a drill becomes the harder it is to focus on little mechanics.
As a corollary to bringing mechanics to the field, it is also time to begin working with your receivers. You probably threw around during the winter a bit and such, but now is the time to do so with more focus and consistency. This could mean clinics, 7 on 7s, or just time at the field with a few of the receivers. Also occurring around this time is that your coaches will know next year’s playbook adjustments and will begin the basic install, so the time you spend on the field with the receivers gives a chance to work on your mechanics, your chemistry with receivers, and your understanding of any new concepts. This also trickles down to film review; at this point, you should be done reviewing last year’s film and ready to study upcoming concepts. Most good coaches will have cut ups of other teams executing any new concept you might have to learn, so that’s a good starting point. Make sure to ask for some in any install meetings, which should begin in the spring as well with your coaches. As a quarterback, make sure you tell your teammates to be at these and if they can’t make it teach them the material yourself. A great test of how well you know something is whether or not you can teach it.
The short: begin reviewing film for the upcoming season, get started with new install, take your mechanics to the field with any concepts and your receivers, and begin to focus more on power in the weight room with a bit of conditioning.
Phase III
Now that we are close to the season, we must take that final step and apply everything we’ve been working on to performance. Work needs to be as close to a game simulation as possible. Power needs to become speed, mechanics need to be second nature, and learning needs to become understanding.
In the weight room, focus needs to turn from power to speed. This doesn’t mean there is no power or strength in the program; it just means doing more sprint work and explosive exercises like lightly resisted sprints and accelerations. The conditioning needs to get ramped up a notch, using very game-specific intervals and game-specific movements. 12 weeks of conditioning leading up to the season, having already done 12 of light conditioning, should be plenty to get into game shape. However, it needs to be done right and be intense.
At this point, we really shouldn’t be tweaking any throwing mechanics. We can still maintain the ones we’ve worked on during the first 6 months, but we shouldn’t be adding anything new. On field work needs to be increased to develop timing and chemistry, as well as ingrain the plays so that at the line of scrimmage we’re not thinking about what our assignment is, rather we’re focused on the nuances of the game and finding ways to be successful. This means more competitive reps and game like situations, perhaps 7 on 7s or clinic work again, but adding helmets and/or defense or anything to raise the stakes a bit will go a long way towards being more ready in training camp.
Hopefully install meetings are well underway and most of the team has a firm grasp of the offense, especially in the quarterback room. Regardless, keep ingraining that knowledge and getting teammates who have fallen behind caught up. The more time that can be spent working on execution rather than installation in training camp, the better off you will be.
Film review of this season’s opponents and how what they do interacts with what your offense is doing will help improve your understanding of all concepts, and doing so will other position groups should help them too. Watch opponent’s blitz packages and compare them to your protections with offensive line; study opponent’s coverages with the receivers and discuss your team’s passing concepts. Look at run schemes vs. an opponent’s defense with the running backs. The better your mind knows something, the faster you can react and the more confidently you can perform. This goes for your teammates as well.
The short: Advance your film study to opponent preparation, keep learning the offense, get as much quality, game like on-field time as possible, maintain your mechanic changes instead of working on new things, keep refining fundamentals, and ramp up your speed and conditioning work.
 
Football has become a year-round sport. I fully support kids who want to go play other sports and compete on many different fields. However, if you have the time and desire, this is the way to set up your off-season program. If football is your first sport, there’s nothing wrong with playing a second sport, but you still need to make time to get better.
Also note that this template for an off-season program isn’t meant for elementary and middle schoolers, this is a high school and college template. There are no Brett Favre’s or Tom Brady’s at age 12 – let the kids have fun! The time to focus will come later.

We live in a very outcome-orientated society. In some ways, this is good - employees are rewarded for good performance, and punished for bad performance. If a contractor builds a good house, he can charge more. If he builds bad looking houses, he has to charge less. However, we so often throw out the method through which we achieve a result and end up with a very short term view of a long term journey.

Take the example of a young kid playing basketball who has figured out how to make free throws "granny style." As it stands, he can make 6 out of 10 shots shooting that way. If when he starts learning to shoot properly he ends up making only 4 out of 10 does it mean he should go back to what got him better results? Or, does he need to see the limitations of his current method, take a long term view of his goals,  and work on getting better at the proper process with the understanding that if he gets good at the process the results will take care of themselves? This young man, and quarterbacks, need to focus on the process.

The end point here is that how we do things is a better indicator of future success than the results we get right now. When making a fundamental change, it may take a while to ingrain the motor program but you will be better for it in the long term. The key is to make sure you are making the right changes to the process, which is why coaching is so important. Telling a quarterback to change a grip, an arm position,  a release point, etc, is a long term change that will have a large effect on their success, for better or for worse. Good coaching means good changes implemented over time that create long term success. Poor coaching can do just the opposite.

Equally bad as poor coaching is  short sighted, results-only thinking. Sometimes we are successful because of our mechanics, Other times, we are successful in spite of our mechanics. If we are successful despite bad mechanics we end up reinforcing bad habits. Never stop looking for ways to do things better and never settle for what you already know. A constant thirst to improve the process by which we do things is paramount for sustained excellence.

Coach Drayson